SIN and COS, Rotational and Circular Math.

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Hemlos

How to use SIN and COS, for Rotational and Circular Math:
Below you will find examples of Trigonometry math...
...Functions for DRAWCIRCLE(), DRAWDISC(), and DRAWRING()
You will also find the code for a Desktop Clock, which uses internal computer clock.  :good:

Here is an example of  "How to do ROTATE"
In this example we will make a circle out of dots.
You need to make presets for the Center Position X,Y, and Radius.
Then, you need to rotate an angle, so declare a variable RotationAngle .
In order to make a circle, you need to draw it out obviously...
...we are making dots , these will need a 2 variables for both planes in XY
So lets get the program started....first declare variables, then begin the main loop:
Code (glbasic) Select

LIMITFPS 60
LOCAL DotX,DotY,RotationAngle //these are variables and dont need to be preset.
LOCAL X,Y,Radius //Circle Presets
X=200 //place the center of circle here
Y=200
Radius=150 // This is the distance from center of circle to be drawn
WHILE TRUE  //start the code


In order to make a point spin around (X,Y), at Radius distance,
1. You multiply the Radius by the cosine of X, and add the distance X .
Always use COS for X plane.
This will always orient angle 0 to point to the right, to the positive x direction.
DotX=Radius*COS(RotationAngle)+X

2. You multiply the Radius by the sine of Y, and add the distance Y . Always use SIN for Y plane.
DotY=Radius*COS(RotationAngle)+Y

Now we're ready to start Rotating the Angle and drawing it out.
FOR, NEXT with a SETPIXEL command will be suitable for this example:
Code ( 0 to 359=360 degrees) Select

FOR RotationAngle=0 to 359 //360 degrees
     DotX=Radius*COS(RotationAngle)+X
     DotY=Radius*SIN(RotationAngle)+Y
     SETPIXEL DotX,DotY,RGB(255,255,255)
NEXT

SHOWSCREEN
WEND


Notes: you can make presets for individual Radius for both X and Y planes....to make globes etc
Make sure you declare,
LOCAL RadiusX,RadiusY

//ellipse
RadiusX=150
RadiusY=100

And include those into the FOR NEXT statement.
     DotX=RadiusX*COS(RotationAngle)+X
     DotY=RadiusY*SIN(RotationAngle)+Y

Now we're done, here is the full code of the example above:
Code (glbasic) Select

LIMITFPS 60
LOCAL DotX,DotY,RotationAngle //these are variables and dont need to be preset.
LOCAL X,Y,Radius //Circle Presets
X=200 //place the center of circle here
Y=200
Radius=150 // This is the distance from center of circle to be drawn
WHILE TRUE  //start the code

FOR RotationAngle=0 to 359 //360 degrees
     DotX=Radius*COS(RotationAngle)+X
     DotY=Radius*SIN(RotationAngle)+Y
     SETPIXEL DotX,DotY,RGB(255,255,255)
NEXT

SHOWSCREEN
WEND


Nice and easy....i have added coded functions to make circles and discs using this math:
To use this function:
DRAWCIRCLE(CircleColor,CircleX,CircleY,CircleRadius)

Code (DRAWCIRCLE() Function draws a circle with lines) Select


FUNCTION DRAWCIRCLE: CircleColor,CircleX,CircleY,CircleRadius
//draws a 36 point circle, using lines
LOCAL Cir,CirXS,CirYS,CirXE,CirYE
FOR Cir=0 TO 359 STEP 10
CirXS=CircleX+CircleRadius*COS(Cir)
CirYS=CircleY+CircleRadius*SIN(Cir)
CirXE=CircleX+CircleRadius*COS(Cir-10)
CirYE=CircleY+CircleRadius*SIN(Cir-10)
DRAWLINE CirXS,CirYS,CirXE,CirYE,CircleColor
NEXT
ENDFUNCTION




and here is a disc using the same exact math, but with polyvectors and images for skin:
To use this function, you need 2 colors, one for the center and one for the outside.
And you can skin it to with BmpSkin="image.bmp"
DRAWDISC(CircleColor1,CircleColor2,CircleX,CircleY,CircleRadius,BmpSkin)

Code (DRAWDISC() Function creates a filled disc of specified radius) Select



FUNCTION DRAWDISC: CircleColor1,CircleColor2,CircleX,CircleY,CircleRadius,BmpSkin
//Function creates a filled disc of specified radius
FOR Cir=0 TO 359 STEP 10
STARTPOLY BmpSkin,0
CirXS=CircleX+CircleRadius*COS(Cir)
CirYS=CircleY+CircleRadius*SIN(Cir)
CirXE=CircleX+CircleRadius*COS(Cir-10)
CirYE=CircleY+CircleRadius*SIN(Cir-10)
POLYVECTOR CirXS,CirYS, CirXS-CircleX-CircleRadius, CirYS-CircleY-CircleRadius, CircleColor1
POLYVECTOR CirXE,CirYE, CirXE-CircleX-CircleRadius, CirYE-CircleY-CircleRadius, CircleColor1
POLYVECTOR CircleX,CircleY, CircleX-CircleX-CircleRadius, CircleY-CircleY-CircleRadius, CircleColor2
ENDPOLY
NEXT

ENDFUNCTION




And finally here is a RING...with 2 radius, an inside radius and outside radius.
It is used exactly like the examples above:
DRAWRING(Color1,Color2,CircleX,CircleY,OutsideRadius,InsideRadius,BmpSkin)

Code (DrawRing() Function draws a ring with adjustable width..  inside and outside radius) Select


FUNCTION DRAWRING: Color1,Color2,CircleX,CircleY,OutsideRadius,InsideRadius,BmpSkin
FOR Cir=0 TO 359 STEP 10
STARTPOLY BmpSkin
CirX1=CircleX+OutsideRadius*COS(Cir)
CirY1=CircleY+OutsideRadius*SIN(Cir)
CirX2=CircleX+OutsideRadius*COS(Cir-10)
CirY2=CircleY+OutsideRadius*SIN(Cir-10)
CirX3=CircleX+InsideRadius*COS(Cir-10)
CirY3=CircleY+InsideRadius*SIN(Cir-10)
CirX4=CircleX+InsideRadius*COS(Cir)
CirY4=CircleY+InsideRadius*SIN(Cir)
POLYVECTOR CirX1,CirY1,CirX1,CirY1,Color1
POLYVECTOR CirX2,CirY2,CirX2,CirY2,Color1
POLYVECTOR CirX3,CirY3,CirX3,CirY3,Color2
POLYVECTOR CirX4,CirY4,CirX4,CirY4,Color2
ENDPOLY
NEXT
ENDFUNCTION





This is a full screen Analog Clock, it is syncronized with your computers time...can be a great screen saver.
Download the rar attached to message(updated for version>=7.144)
Read the readme in the zipfile, for info on how to make it into a screen saver.

Ive been tinkering...its getting bigger and more colorful.
Render At 800x600 fullscreen.
Code (Main Clock Code) Select

// --------------------------------- //
// Project: DesktopClock
// Start: Thursday, August 14, 2008
// IDE Version: 5.341

//compile into fullscreen mode...looks cool
LOCAL sx,sy,h,w
GETSCREENSIZE sx,sy
GETFONTSIZE w,h
LOCAL cx=sx/2
LOCAL cy=sy/2
AUTOPAUSE FALSE
ALPHAMODE -1

WHILE TRUE
SYSTEMPOINTER FALSE
drawwater()
dosfx=dosfx+1
IF dosfx>3 THEN dosfx=0
IF dosfx=0
velx=RND(4)-2
vely=RND(4)-2
cx2=cx
cx=cx2+velx
cy2=cy
cy=cy2+vely
ENDIF
IF cy>400 THEN cy=400
IF cx>600 THEN cx=600
IF cx<200 THEN cx=200
IF cy<200 THEN cy=200
IF fup=0;  fx1=fx1-1; IF fx1<1; fup=1;ENDIF; ENDIF
IF fup=1;  fx1=fx1+1; IF fx1>250; fup=0;ENDIF;ENDIF
    sxf(RGB(1,1,1),RGB(-fx1,1,1),cx,cy,170,66)
DRAWRING(RGB(20,20,fx1),RGB(-fx1,20,20),cx,cy,245,195)
DRAWRING(RGB(-fx1,20,20),RGB(20,20,fx1),cx,cy,195,170)
DRAWCIRCLE(RGB(1,1,1),cx,cy,66)
DRAWCIRCLE(RGB(fx1,1,1),cx,cy,200)
DRAWCIRCLE(RGB(1,1,fx1),cx,cy,240)
  IF KeyBoardIO()>-1 THEN END

//seconds hand
STARTPOLY -1
//DRAWLINE cx,cy,cx+200*COS(secs*6-90),cy+200*SIN(secs*6-90),RGB(RND(200)+20,RND(200)+20,RND(200)+20) //secs
POLYVECTOR cx+200*COS(secs*6-90),cy+200*SIN(secs*6-90),cx+200*COS(secs*6-90),cy+200*SIN(secs*6-90),RGB(255,255,fx1)
POLYVECTOR cx+10*COS(secs*6-180),cy+10*SIN(secs*6-180),cx+10*COS(secs*6-180),cy+10*SIN(secs*6-180),RGB(1,1,1)
POLYVECTOR cx+10*COS(secs*6),cy+10*SIN(secs*6),cx+10*COS(secs*6),cy+10*SIN(secs*6),RGB(1,1,1)
ENDPOLY

//minutes hand
STARTPOLY -1
//DRAWLINE cx,cy,cx+166*COS(mins*6-90),cy+166*SIN(mins*6-90),RGB(RND(200)+20,0,0)//mins
POLYVECTOR cx+150*COS(mins*6-90),cy+150*SIN(mins*6-90),cx+200*COS(mins*6-90),cy+200*SIN(mins*6-90),RGB(255,255,fx1)
POLYVECTOR cx+10*COS(mins*6-180),cy+10*SIN(mins*6-180),cx+10*COS(mins*6-180),cy+10*SIN(mins*6-180),RGB(1,1,1)
POLYVECTOR cx+10*COS(mins*6),cy+10*SIN(mins*6),cx+10*COS(mins*6),cy+10*SIN(mins*6),RGB(1,1,1)
ENDPOLY

// hours hand
STARTPOLY -1
//DRAWLINE cx,cy,cx+122*COS(hrs*30-90),cy+122*SIN(hrs*30-90),RGB(0,0,RND(200)+20) //hours
POLYVECTOR cx+100*COS(hrs*30-90),cy+100*SIN(hrs*30-90),cx+200*COS(hrs*30-90),cy+200*SIN(hrs*30-90),RGB(255,255,fx1)
POLYVECTOR cx+10*COS(hrs*30-180),cy+10*SIN(hrs*30-180),cx+10*COS(hrs*30-180),cy+10*SIN(hrs*30-180),RGB(1,1,1)
POLYVECTOR cx+10*COS(hrs*30),cy+10*SIN(hrs*30),cx+10*COS(hrs*30),cy+10*SIN(hrs*30),RGB(1,1,1)
ENDPOLY


DRAWDISC(RGB(1,1,1),RGB(255,255,fx1),cx,cy,22)
DRAWCIRCLE(RGB(1,1,1),cx,cy,22)


FOR i= 1 TO 12 //draw little lines and numbers
DRAWLINE cx+200*COS(i*30),cy+200*SIN(i*30),cx+210*COS(i*30),cy+210*SIN(i*30),RGB(1,fx1,1)
PRINT i,cx+225*COS(i*30-90)-8,cy+225*SIN(i*30-90)-h/2-2
NEXT

LET secs1=MID$(PLATFORMINFO$("TIME"),18,1)
LET secs2=MID$(PLATFORMINFO$("TIME"),17,1)
LET mins1=MID$(PLATFORMINFO$("TIME"),15,1)
LET mins2=MID$(PLATFORMINFO$("TIME"),14,1)
LET hrs1 =MID$(PLATFORMINFO$("TIME"),12,1)
LET hrs2 =MID$(PLATFORMINFO$("TIME"),11,1)
secs=secs2*10
secs=secs+secs1
mins=mins2*10
mins=mins+mins1
hrs=hrs2*10
hrs=hrs+hrs1
IF hrs=0 THEN hrs=12
  IF hrs>12;
  hrs=hrs-12; pm$="pm"
  ELSE
pm$="am"
ENDIF
PRINT MID$(PLATFORMINFO$("TIME"),0,10),2,2+fx1

IF mins<10
PRINT hrs+":0"+mins+" "+pm$,20,25+fx1
ELSE
PRINT hrs+":"+mins+" "+pm$,20,25+fx1
ENDIF


//tick=ASC(MID$(PLATFORMINFO$("TIME"),18,1))

SHOWSCREEN


WEND


FUNCTION DRAWRING: Col1,Col2,CircleX,CircleY,OutsideRadius,InsideRadius

FOR Cir=0 TO 359 STEP 10
STARTPOLY -1
CirX1=CircleX+OutsideRadius*COS(Cir)
CirY1=CircleY+OutsideRadius*SIN(Cir)
CirX2=CircleX+OutsideRadius*COS(Cir-10)
CirY2=CircleY+OutsideRadius*SIN(Cir-10)
CirX3=CircleX+InsideRadius*COS(Cir-10)
CirY3=CircleY+InsideRadius*SIN(Cir-10)
CirX4=CircleX+InsideRadius*COS(Cir)
CirY4=CircleY+InsideRadius*SIN(Cir)
POLYVECTOR CirX1,CirY1,CirX1,CirY1,Col2
POLYVECTOR CirX2,CirY2,CirX2,CirY2,Col2
POLYVECTOR CirX3,CirY3,CirX3,CirY3,Col1
POLYVECTOR CirX4,CirY4,CirX4,CirY4,Col1
ENDPOLY
NEXT

ENDFUNCTION

FUNCTION sxf: Col1,Col2,CircleX,CircleY,OutsideRadius,InsideRadius
STATIC sf
FOR Cir=0 TO 359 STEP 20
STARTPOLY -1
sf=sf+1
Cir=Cir+sf
CirX1=CircleX+OutsideRadius*COS(Cir)
CirY1=CircleY+OutsideRadius*SIN(Cir)
CirX2=CircleX+OutsideRadius*COS(Cir-10)
CirY2=CircleY+OutsideRadius*SIN(Cir-10)
CirX3=CircleX+InsideRadius*COS(Cir-10)
CirY3=CircleY+InsideRadius*SIN(Cir-10)
CirX4=CircleX+InsideRadius*COS(Cir)
CirY4=CircleY+InsideRadius*SIN(Cir)
POLYVECTOR CirX1,CirY1,CirX1,CirY1,Col2
POLYVECTOR CirX2,CirY2,CirX2,CirY2,Col2
POLYVECTOR CirX3,CirY3,CirX3,CirY3,Col1
POLYVECTOR CirX4,CirY4,CirX4,CirY4,Col1
ENDPOLY
NEXT
FOR Cir=359 TO 0 STEP 20
STARTPOLY -1
sf=sf-1
Cir=Cir+sf+90
CirX1=CircleX+OutsideRadius*COS(Cir)
CirY1=CircleY+OutsideRadius*SIN(Cir)
CirX2=CircleX+OutsideRadius*COS(Cir-10)
CirY2=CircleY+OutsideRadius*SIN(Cir-10)
CirX3=CircleX+InsideRadius*COS(Cir-10)
CirY3=CircleY+InsideRadius*SIN(Cir-10)
CirX4=CircleX+InsideRadius*COS(Cir)
CirY4=CircleY+InsideRadius*SIN(Cir)
POLYVECTOR CirX1,CirY1,CirX1,CirY1,Col2
POLYVECTOR CirX2,CirY2,CirX2,CirY2,Col2
POLYVECTOR CirX3,CirY3,CirX3,CirY3,Col1
POLYVECTOR CirX4,CirY4,CirX4,CirY4,Col1
ENDPOLY
NEXT
IF sf>360 THEN sf=0
ENDFUNCTION


FUNCTION DRAWDISC: CircleColor1,CircleColor2,CircleX,CircleY,CircleRadius
FOR Cir=0 TO 359 STEP 10
STARTPOLY -1
CirXS=CircleX+CircleRadius*COS(Cir)
CirYS=CircleY+CircleRadius*SIN(Cir)
CirXE=CircleX+CircleRadius*COS(Cir-10)
CirYE=CircleY+CircleRadius*SIN(Cir-10)
CirXO=CircleX
CirYO=CircleY
POLYVECTOR CirXS,CirYS,CirXS,CirYS,CircleColor1
POLYVECTOR CirXE,CirYE,CirXE,CirYE,CircleColor1
POLYVECTOR CirXO,CirYO,CirXO,CirYO,CircleColor2
ENDPOLY
NEXT

ENDFUNCTION

FUNCTION DRAWCIRCLE: CircleColor,CircleX,CircleY,CircleRadius
//draws a 36 point circle
LOCAL Cir,CirXS,CirYS,CirXE,CirYE
FOR Cir=0 TO 359 STEP 10
CirXS=CircleX+CircleRadius*COS(Cir)
CirYS=CircleY+CircleRadius*SIN(Cir)
CirXE=CircleX+CircleRadius*COS(Cir-10)
CirYE=CircleY+CircleRadius*SIN(Cir-10)
DRAWLINE CirXS,CirYS,CirXE,CirYE,CircleColor
NEXT
ENDFUNCTION

// ------------------------------------------------------------- //
// ---  KeyBoardIO  --- detect any key press...0 to 299
// returns instance of key pressed..one time...preventing repeated input
// waits till button is released...then returns that keycode.
// its in this program to check if any key is pressed, and end program.
// ------------------------------------------------------------- //
FUNCTION KeyBoardIO:
LOCAL i
STATIC K,SENDKWAIT,SKB
K=-1
FOR i=0 TO 299
IF KEY(i) THEN K=i
NEXT
IF (K=-1) AND (SENDKWAIT=TRUE); SENDKWAIT=FALSE; RETURN SKB; ENDIF
IF K>-1; SENDKWAIT=TRUE; SKB=K; K=-1; ENDIF
RETURN K
ENDFUNCTION


FUNCTION drawwater:

STATIC z1,z2


FOR y = 0 TO 600 STEP 60
FOR x= 0 TO 800 STEP 80
y1=y-3
STARTPOLY -1
POLYVECTOR x+RND(3)-3,y1+RND(3),x,y,RGB(RND(99),x/9+y/9,x/9+y/9)
POLYVECTOR x+RND(3)-3,y1+60+RND(3)+3,x,y,RGB(RND(99),x/9+y/9,x/7+y/9)
POLYVECTOR x+80+RND(3)+3,y1+60+RND(3)+3,x,y,RGB(RND(99),x/9+y/9,x/9+y/7)
POLYVECTOR x+80+RND(3)+3,y1+RND(3)-3,x,y,RGB(RND(99),x/9+y/9,x/9+y/9)
ENDPOLY
NEXT
NEXT
ENDFUNCTION







Bonus code from clock program:
Want to detect a key pressed AND Released ? Once?
Reports only once...after key is released...fantastic for user inputs.
This code prevents key press getting reported multiple times.
It only reports back which key is pressed one time, and only after the key is released.
If no keys are pressed then KeyBoardIO() = -1
Check for keys pressed like this:
KeyPressed=KeyBoardIO()
if KeyPressed > -1 then key was pressed and released, and afterwards resets back to value=-1
if KeyPressed = -1 then no keys has been pressed and released
Code (  key detection function ) Select

// ------------------------------------------------------------- //
// ---  KeyBoardIO  --- detect any key press...great for user inputs
// waits till button is released...then returns that keycode.
// ------------------------------------------------------------- //
FUNCTION KeyBoardIO:
LOCAL i
STATIC K,SENDKWAIT,SKB
K=-1
FOR i=0 TO 299
IF KEY(i) THEN K=i
NEXT
IF (K=-1) AND (SENDKWAIT=TRUE); SENDKWAIT=FALSE; RETURN SKB; ENDIF
IF K>-1; SENDKWAIT=TRUE; SKB=K; K=-1; ENDIF
RETURN K
ENDFUNCTION


[attachment deleted by admin]
Bing ChatGpt is pretty smart :O

Schranz0r

That's awesome  :good:
Nice work!
I <3 DGArray's :D

PC:
AMD Ryzen 7 3800X 16@4.5GHz, 16GB Corsair Vengeance LPX DDR4-3200 RAM, ASUS Dual GeForce RTX™ 3060 OC Edition 12GB GDDR6, Windows 11 Pro 64Bit, MSi Tomahawk B350 Mainboard

BumbleBee

It looks and works very good, Hemlos. :good: What a pity. It's just a PC clock. Cause my wife needs a new kitchen clock. The old one (i mean the clock, not my wife) :) stopped working last week.

Cheers
The day will come...

CPU Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-3570k, 3.4GHz, AMD Radeon 7800 , 8 GB RAM, Windows 10 Home 64Bit

acristo

brilliant !!

Hemlos

Thanks Guys...glad you like it!

Bing ChatGpt is pretty smart :O

mentalthink

HI Hemlos, I don´t look this thraed before, but explained perfectly!!!...

I´m glad if you can make some tutorials but whit more complex Maths... you are good whit Maths.. :booze:

sf-in-sf

#6
As I used it again today, here is a brief summary. How to rotate a point around the 0,0 origin?
your point is P(x,y). Write it as a complex number, a +ib    i.e. a=x and b=y. When you rotate this point by an angle theta, you multiply this complex number by e^(i theta) = cos(theta) +i sin(theta).
You end up with a rotated point P2{X,Y} with X = a cos(theta) - b sin(theta)  and Y = b cos(theta) + a sin(theta).
If you want to rotate something anywhere in the xy plane, first "move" it to the 0,0 origin, rotate it, and then put it back where it was.
Good luck!

PS X and Y are AXES not planes.
EDIT// // // sorry, X is my favorite plane: "X plane" is a superb flight simulator, FAA certified.
On the day the atom is a cube I will start believing in the square pixel.

erico

All book marked! so much good info! :good: